20140516 14120700 1.0 FALSE DOCMPA_Policy_HabClass 002 1067058.542500 2519669.679900 4140537.913900 6754178.972300 1 80.743 Projected GCS_NZGD_2000 Linear Unit: Meter (1.000000) NZGD_2000_New_Zealand_Transverse_Mercator <ProjectedCoordinateSystem xsi:type='typens:ProjectedCoordinateSystem' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' xmlns:typens='http://www.esri.com/schemas/ArcGIS/3.1.0'><WKT>PROJCS["NZGD_2000_New_Zealand_Transverse_Mercator",GEOGCS["GCS_NZGD_2000",DATUM["D_NZGD_2000",SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137.0,298.257222101]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",1600000.0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",10000000.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",173.0],PARAMETER["Scale_Factor",0.9996],PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Origin",0.0],UNIT["Meter",1.0],AUTHORITY["EPSG",2193]]</WKT><XOrigin>-4020900</XOrigin><YOrigin>1900</YOrigin><XYScale>10000</XYScale><ZOrigin>-100000</ZOrigin><ZScale>10000</ZScale><MOrigin>-100000</MOrigin><MScale>10000</MScale><XYTolerance>0.001</XYTolerance><ZTolerance>0.001</ZTolerance><MTolerance>0.001</MTolerance><HighPrecision>true</HighPrecision><WKID>2193</WKID><LatestWKID>2193</LatestWKID></ProjectedCoordinateSystem> 20240626 23523000 20240626 23523000 ISO19139 ISO 19139 Metadata Implementation Specification These data were developed for an analysis of the extent to which coastal habitats in the New Zealand Territorial Sea are currently (2010) represented in areas that meet the New Zealand Marine Protected Area Protection Standard. The data maps approximate, predominantly physical, surrogates of habitats derived from broad categories of environmental drivers such as depth, substratum, exposure and the actions of biogenic, habitat forming organisms. It does not however, aim to assess outstanding, rare, distinctive, internationally or nationally important habitats or ecosystems, or finer scale species associations and ecosystem processes. This data is the official data used to produce the maps contained in the "Coastal marine habitats and marine protected areas in the New Zealand Territorial Sea: a broad scale gap analysis" report of 2011. <div style='text-align:Left;'><div><div>In order to map marine habitats consistently across all bioregions, Geographic Information System (GIS) datasets were sourced, where possible, that extended across all of the New Zealand Territorial Sea. The intent was to avoid bias in the representation of habitats associated with differences in the extent and detail of surveys in different regions. The disadvantage of this approach, however, is that the more detailed surveys available or underway in some regions (Neale et al. 2007, WCMPF 2010, Benn 2009; Kettles & Hughes 2009; Kerr 2010, Morrison et al. 2010) are not included in this broad scale analysis. These surveys should be included in more detailed regional assessments. The extent of habitat mapping was mainly defined by the Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) coastline, the LINZ boundary (2004) to the New Zealand Territorial Sea (within 12 nautical miles of the coast and islands), estuaries from the National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) New Zealand Estuary Environment Classification (Hume 2007) and bioregions defined in the Marine Protected Areas Policy and Implementation Plan (Department of Conservation and Ministry of Fisheries 2005).Within these bioregions, spatial data layers for depth, substrata and exposure were overlaid in ArcGIS to approximate the habitat categories described in the Coastal Classification and Mapping Scheme (Appendix 1, Ministry of Fisheries and Department of Conservation 2008). In some cases, categories were modified according to what data were available and to provide consistent, justifiable, readily interpreted habitat descriptions that adequately reflect major patterns in marine environments. The data sources and habitat categories that were used are described in the report: Department of Conservation and Ministry of Fisheries(2012)."Coastal marine habitats and marine protected areas in the New Zealand Territorial Sea: a broad scale gap analysis. Wellington, New Zealand. More detailed descriptions of source data within the New Zealand Territorial Sea are described in separate coverages for NZ marine bioregions; NZ depth, NZ substrata and NZ exposure. The GIS datasets were combined using the unioncommand in ArcGIS and ArcINFO 9.3. This command overlays and dissects the intersections between overlapping areas from different datasets. The function creates polygon features attributed with fields of variables from each of the source data sets. These fields were used to create composite categories derived from combinations of the different levels in the depth, substrata and exposure fields. The ArcGIS ‘eliminate’ command was used to minimise the large numbers of elongate ‘sliver polygons’ resulting from overlaying disparate datasets. Slivers less than 1 hectare in area were dissolved into the adjacent polygon with the longest joint boundary.Because of the number of small slivers and extent of the data set, boundaries between habitats classes were sometimes generalised resulting in small departures (usually <50m) from the lines of the original habitat data including the coastline. Regard should then be given to the fitness for use of this data for use other than its intended purpose as a broad scale classification and gaps analysis. This should be taken into account particularly for viewing and analysis at fine spatial scales.In some cases, the source datasets did not completely overlap and for some areas a full classification using all environmental drivers was not possible. In most cases the area involved was small and polygons were merged with the nearest feature with the longest joint boundary. For parts of some estuaries, no nationally consistent data on substrata were available. These areas were mapped simply as unclassified estuary. This category was not however included within habitat counts for each bioregion.</div></div></div>_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Item Page Created: 2024-07-03 00:38 Item Page Last Modified: 2025-04-05 16:15 Owner: leunissene_NIWA DOCMPA_Policy_HabClass No data edit dates available Fields: HAB_LEG,BIOREGION,DEPTH,SUBSTRATA,EXPOSURE,BIOGEN_TYP,AUTHOR,CREATED,area We acknowledge the contributions of data and advice from many sources including: the Ministry of Fisheries Spatial Information Management Team; the Marine Conservation Team and Marine Technical Support Officers from the Department of Conservation; Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) for topographic databases; the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) for bathymetry and other data; S. Bardsley, S. Nodder, M. Kemp, and A. Goh for the New Zealand Combined Ocean Sediments data set; Terry Hume (NIWA, for the New Zealand Estuary Environment Classification; Richard Gorman (NIWA) for access to data from wave exposure models; Chris Wild and Clinton Duffy (DOC) for data on near shore reefs; B. Robertson and L. Stevens (Wriggle Coastal Management) for data on estuarine vegetation; S. Byers and K. Sivaguru (DOC) and the scientists they interviewed for data on biogenic habitats; reviewers for comments on drafts; and the many scientists who have so far provided data for this and related projects. Data editing, mapping and spatial analysisby D Breen 2012. MPA Policy habitats of the Territorial Sea 2011-08-31T00:00:00 2011-08-31T00:00:00 2012-04-01T00:00:00 002 -180.000000 180.000000 -29.008656 -52.884858 Esri ArcGIS 13.1.3.41833 <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV>Disclaimers1. DOC makes no express or implied warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the data or information, nor its suitability for any purpose. Errors are inevitably part of any database, and can arise by a number of means, from errors during field data collection, to errors during data entry. 2. DOC makes no warranties or representations as to possible infringement upon copyrights or other intellectual property rights of others in the data or information. 3. DOC will not accept liability for any direct, indirect, special or consequential damages, losses or expenses howsoever arising and relating to use, or lack of use, of the data or information supplied.Guidelines for Use of the Information4. Care should be taken in deriving conclusions from any data or information supplied. 5. Any use of the data or information supplied should state when the data or information was acquired and that it may now be out-of-date. Copyright Obligations6. All proprietary rights to the intellectual property in the data or information remain with the Crown as its sole property. 7. Modification of the data and information or the addition of the information does not confer copyright or any other form of property of the original material to a user. 8. All maps or reports that are derived from the data or information must acknowledge the Crown copyright, in the following way: Crown Copyright: Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai [year]. 9. This information resource may be passed onto another party, in either hard copy or electronic form. If a user does this, then it is recommended that they also supply this metadata record with the information resource.</DIV></DIV></DIV>, <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;">The national coastal habitat maps provide a general indication of predominantly physical marine environments. They reflect the broad and often approximate nature of the source data available across coastal bioregions nationally and the lack of detailed surveys or models at this scale. This is apparent where the broadly mapped classification is compared with areas where more detailed surveys have been carried out. While depth and estuarine and coastal environments are better defined, the national distributions of marine substrata, the intertidal zone and, to some extent, exposure zones are less well defined. In particular, the nationally mapped areas of subtidal reef and biogenic habitats are likely to greatly under-represent the real extent and location of these habitats. This bias is most pronounced in deeper and offshore waters which make up a major portion of each bioregion. In many locations, areas of sand and mud depicted on the national habitat maps have subsequently been revealed to be reef, gravel and other substrata when more detailed regional multibeam and sidescan sonar, fair sheet soundings and fishing data are examined. While biogenic habitats may be relatively small in area and restricted to specific locations, they can include very diverse communities and are particularly sensitive to damage from disturbances, such as bottom fishing methods. The biogenic habitats mapped here include bryozoan, rhodolith, dog cockle and tube worm beds as well as seagrass, mangrove and saltmarsh assemblages. While most estuarine habitats are reasonably well mapped, only isolated cases of the coastal and deep water communities are recorded here. The mapped areas of mud, sand and gravel habitat are simplified categories derived from a continuum of sediment types, often mixing components from each of these classes. The broad scale nature of these interpolations also ignores the structural complexity inherent in some of these habitats and its role in shaping ecological communities (Thrush et al. 2001). Using three different charts to derive the combined sediment map (Bardsley et al. 2008) also introduces discontinuities between sediment types mapped at different scales. In addition, there were insufficient data to consistently map boulder and cobble habitats. In estuarine waters, important biogenic habitats such as seagrass, mangrove and saltmarsh have been mapped quite comprehensively. This has mainly been done from aerial photo interpretation and often ground truthed by field surveys. Coverages of mangrove and saltmarsh were available nationally but mapped seagrass habitats were collated from many different sources. The national coastal habitat maps of intertidal beach, rocky shore and mudflat provide a general indication of the location of many of these habitats. However, there may be omissions and a lack of detail in portraying the extent of many areas. In particular, gravel, cobble and boulder beaches are not mapped in the national habitat classification. At regional scales, this gap can be addressed through aerial photo interpretation. In this way, a range of intertidal habitats and shallow subtidal reef can be mapped. Aerial photo interpretation has been used to map these habitats for all of the North East Bioregion, the West Coast South Island Bioregion, parts of the South Cook Strait and East Coast South Island Bioregions and several other locations (Byers et al. unpublished data; Robertson & Stevens 2008; Kerr 2010). A more recent 1:50k topographic coastline and coverages of coastal rock and beach has now been released by LINZ and differs significantly in many areas from the older version of LINZ 1:50k coast and coverages used in this classification. The modelled values of mean significant wave height provide a useful regional interpretation of wave climate. However, its application here to classifying individual habitat features should be regarded cautiously given the effects of fine scale topography and aspect. The national marine coastal habitat GIS layer provides a consistent, broad scale view of predominantly physical patterns in the New Zealand coastal environment. However it does this at the cost of largely overlooking the more detailed information available and being collected at many regional and local scales around country. This more detailed information includes data compiled for the North East, Southern South Island, Cook Strait, and East Coast South Island Bioregions (Benn 2009; Kerr 2010; Kettles & Hughes 2009; Byers et al. unpublished data). In particular, some of these studies address the major information gap that exists for offshore habitats which are poorly described in the broad scale national classification. Recent multibeam and sidescan surveys in regions off East Northland (Morrison et al. 2010), Auckland, Coromandel, Gisborne, Cook Strait and Foveaux Strait (LINZ shipping lane surveys) provide detailed views of extensive systems of reef, gravel and other habitats which are not recorded in the national habitat map. It is likely that similar habitat features are present for many other areas and surveys planned for the future may help address some of these gaps. The recent Oceans 20/20 Bay of Islands survey of Northland (Morrison et al. 2010) is one example of this approach, which is being adopted at many other locations throughout the world. Continuing this work at other targeted locations throughout the New Zealand Territorial Sea will substantially benefit many different aspects of marine ecosystem management, commercial use and public understanding. While the national coastal habitat maps provide a broad overview across the entire Territorial Sea, finer scale regional maps are likely to be more useful for identifying where MPAs should be located within particular bioregions. In addition, comprehensive modelling of fish (Leathwick et al. 2008, 2009), invertebrate and algae distributions and detailed habitat models (Snelder et al. 2005; Kerr 2010; Morrison et al. 2010) now exist at regional and national scales and could facilitate improved MPA planning.</DIV> Functions of New Zealand (FONZ) v2.3 2004-01-01T00:00:00 Conserving the environment Controlling unwanted organisms Promoting participation in cultural and leisure activities Providing amenities for cultural and leisure activities Protecting heritage Facilitating business development Facilitating community development Promoting participation in society Implementing Treaty of Waitangi Researching Ensuring public safety Managing public assets Representing New Zealand internationally Granting consents Monitoring compliance Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai Marine Ecosystems Manager Greig Funnell Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai Technical Advisor Marine Ecosystems (Business/Technical Custodian) Dan Breen Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV>Disclaimers1. DOC makes no express or implied warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the data or information, nor its suitability for any purpose. Errors are inevitably part of any database, and can arise by a number of means, from errors during field data collection, to errors during data entry. 2. DOC makes no warranties or representations as to possible infringement upon copyrights or other intellectual property rights of others in the data or information. 3. DOC will not accept liability for any direct, indirect, special or consequential damages, losses or expenses howsoever arising and relating to use, or lack of use, of the data or information supplied.Guidelines for Use of the Information4. Care should be taken in deriving conclusions from any data or information supplied. 5. Any use of the data or information supplied should state when the data or information was acquired and that it may now be out-of-date. Copyright Obligations6. All proprietary rights to the intellectual property in the data or information remain with the Crown as its sole property. 7. Modification of the data and information or the addition of the information does not confer copyright or any other form of property of the original material to a user. 8. All maps or reports that are derived from the data or information must acknowledge the Crown copyright, in the following way: Crown Copyright: Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai [year]. 9. This information resource may be passed onto another party, in either hard copy or electronic form. If a user does this, then it is recommended that they also supply this metadata record with the information resource.</DIV></DIV></DIV>, <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;">The national coastal habitat maps provide a general indication of predominantly physical marine environments. They reflect the broad and often approximate nature of the source data available across coastal bioregions nationally and the lack of detailed surveys or models at this scale. This is apparent where the broadly mapped classification is compared with areas where more detailed surveys have been carried out. While depth and estuarine and coastal environments are better defined, the national distributions of marine substrata, the intertidal zone and, to some extent, exposure zones are less well defined. In particular, the nationally mapped areas of subtidal reef and biogenic habitats are likely to greatly under-represent the real extent and location of these habitats. This bias is most pronounced in deeper and offshore waters which make up a major portion of each bioregion. In many locations, areas of sand and mud depicted on the national habitat maps have subsequently been revealed to be reef, gravel and other substrata when more detailed regional multibeam and sidescan sonar, fair sheet soundings and fishing data are examined. While biogenic habitats may be relatively small in area and restricted to specific locations, they can include very diverse communities and are particularly sensitive to damage from disturbances, such as bottom fishing methods. The biogenic habitats mapped here include bryozoan, rhodolith, dog cockle and tube worm beds as well as seagrass, mangrove and saltmarsh assemblages. While most estuarine habitats are reasonably well mapped, only isolated cases of the coastal and deep water communities are recorded here. The mapped areas of mud, sand and gravel habitat are simplified categories derived from a continuum of sediment types, often mixing components from each of these classes. The broad scale nature of these interpolations also ignores the structural complexity inherent in some of these habitats and its role in shaping ecological communities (Thrush et al. 2001). Using three different charts to derive the combined sediment map (Bardsley et al. 2008) also introduces discontinuities between sediment types mapped at different scales. In addition, there were insufficient data to consistently map boulder and cobble habitats. In estuarine waters, important biogenic habitats such as seagrass, mangrove and saltmarsh have been mapped quite comprehensively. This has mainly been done from aerial photo interpretation and often ground truthed by field surveys. Coverages of mangrove and saltmarsh were available nationally but mapped seagrass habitats were collated from many different sources. The national coastal habitat maps of intertidal beach, rocky shore and mudflat provide a general indication of the location of many of these habitats. However, there may be omissions and a lack of detail in portraying the extent of many areas. In particular, gravel, cobble and boulder beaches are not mapped in the national habitat classification. At regional scales, this gap can be addressed through aerial photo interpretation. In this way, a range of intertidal habitats and shallow subtidal reef can be mapped. Aerial photo interpretation has been used to map these habitats for all of the North East Bioregion, the West Coast South Island Bioregion, parts of the South Cook Strait and East Coast South Island Bioregions and several other locations (Byers et al. unpublished data; Robertson & Stevens 2008; Kerr 2010). A more recent 1:50k topographic coastline and coverages of coastal rock and beach has now been released by LINZ and differs significantly in many areas from the older version of LINZ 1:50k coast and coverages used in this classification. The modelled values of mean significant wave height provide a useful regional interpretation of wave climate. However, its application here to classifying individual habitat features should be regarded cautiously given the effects of fine scale topography and aspect. The national marine coastal habitat GIS layer provides a consistent, broad scale view of predominantly physical patterns in the New Zealand coastal environment. However it does this at the cost of largely overlooking the more detailed information available and being collected at many regional and local scales around country. This more detailed information includes data compiled for the North East, Southern South Island, Cook Strait, and East Coast South Island Bioregions (Benn 2009; Kerr 2010; Kettles & Hughes 2009; Byers et al. unpublished data). In particular, some of these studies address the major information gap that exists for offshore habitats which are poorly described in the broad scale national classification. Recent multibeam and sidescan surveys in regions off East Northland (Morrison et al. 2010), Auckland, Coromandel, Gisborne, Cook Strait and Foveaux Strait (LINZ shipping lane surveys) provide detailed views of extensive systems of reef, gravel and other habitats which are not recorded in the national habitat map. It is likely that similar habitat features are present for many other areas and surveys planned for the future may help address some of these gaps. The recent Oceans 20/20 Bay of Islands survey of Northland (Morrison et al. 2010) is one example of this approach, which is being adopted at many other locations throughout the world. Continuing this work at other targeted locations throughout the New Zealand Territorial Sea will substantially benefit many different aspects of marine ecosystem management, commercial use and public understanding. While the national coastal habitat maps provide a broad overview across the entire Territorial Sea, finer scale regional maps are likely to be more useful for identifying where MPAs should be located within particular bioregions. In addition, comprehensive modelling of fish (Leathwick et al. 2008, 2009), invertebrate and algae distributions and detailed habitat models (Snelder et al. 2005; Kerr 2010; Morrison et al. 2010) now exist at regional and national scales and could facilitate improved MPA planning.</DIV> This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA Data Sharing External to DOC autometadata 0 EPSG 6.15(9.0.0) File Geodatabase Feature Class ArcGIS 10 80.743 dataset Simple FALSE 0 TRUE FALSE DOCMPA_Policy_HabClass Feature Class 0 OBJECTID OBJECTID OID 4 0 0 Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Shape Geometry 0 0 0 Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. HAB_LEG HAB_LEG String 254 0 0 Habitat legend to be used for symbolising the habitats as per the gap analysis report BIOREGION BIOREGION String 254 0 0 DEPTH DEPTH String 254 0 0 SUBSTRATA SUBSTRATA String 254 0 0 Substrata includes biogenic habitats as part of the substrata field EXPOSURE EXPOSURE String 254 0 0 BIOGEN_TYP BIOGEN_TYP String 254 0 0 Refers to the type of biogenic structure that has been included eg. seagrass, mangrove etc AUTHOR AUTHOR String 254 0 0 Reference to the original data source that mapped the biogenic structures CREATED CREATED String 254 0 0 Who created the record, and date area area Double 8 0 0 Shape_Length Shape_Length Double 8 0 0 Length of feature in internal units. Esri Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Shape_Area Shape_Area Double 8 0 0 Area of feature in internal units squared. Esri Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. 20120401 E3FA5E90-B2EE-4F4D-B6CB-6970920C56E5 Department of Conservation Geospatial Information National Lead This data set DOES NOT include many fields useful for sorting, rebuilding and editing the structure of the habitat classification according to different adopted models which may be interest to the advanced user, these are found in the file 000000_NZ_MARINE_HABITATS_37_04_2012.Additional simplified files of this data have also been provided with 2. with all habitats dissolved (many part polygons), 3. With polygons dissolved for individual bioregions, depths, substrata and exposures. Data are projected in New Zealand Transverse Mercator at the NZ2000 datum. The main coastline used is the LINZ 1:50k coastline from 2008, as then adopted also by the Ministry of Fisheries for their GIS data of Fisheries legislation. The extent of habitat mapping was mainly defined by the Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) coastline, the LINZ boundary (2004) to the New Zealand Territorial Sea (within 12 nautical miles of the coast and islands), estuaries from the National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) New Zealand Estuary Environment Classification (Hume 2007) and bioregions defined in the Marine Protected Areas Policy and Implementation Plan (Department of Conservation and Ministry of Fisheries 2005). Within these bioregions, spatial data layers for depth, substrata and exposure were overlaid in ArcGIS to approximate the habitat categories described in the Coastal Classification and Mapping Scheme (Appendix 1, Ministry of Fisheries and Department of Conservation 2008). In some cases, categories were modified according to what data were available and to provide consistent, justifiable, readily interpreted habitat descriptions that adequately reflect major patterns in marine environments. The data sources and habitat categories that were used are described in the report: Department of Conservation and Ministry of Fisheries(2012)."Coastal marine habitats and marine protected areas in the New Zealand Territorial Sea: a broad scale gap analysis. Wellington, New Zealand. More detailed descriptions of source data within the New Zealand Territorial Sea are described in separate coverages for NZ marine bioregions; NZ depth, NZ substrata and NZ exposure. The GIS datasets were combined using the unioncommand in ArcGIS and ArcINFO 9.3. This command overlays and dissects the intersections between overlapping areas from different datasets. The function creates polygon features attributed with fields of variables from each of the source data sets. These fields were used to create composite categories derived from combinations of the different levels in the depth, substrata and exposure fields. The ArcGIS ‘eliminate’ command was used to minimise the large numbers of elongate ‘sliver polygons’ resulting from overlaying disparate datasets. Slivers less than 1 hectare in area were dissolved into the adjacent polygon with the longest joint boundary. Because of the number of small slivers and extent of the data set, boundaries between habitats classes were sometimes generalised resulting in small departures (usually <50m) from the lines of the original habitat data including the coastline. Regard should then be given to the fitness for use of this data for use other than its intended purpose as a broad scale classification and gaps analysis. This should be taken into account particularly for viewing and analysis at fine spatial scales. In some cases, the source datasets did not completely overlap and for some areas a full classification using all environmental drivers was not possible. In most cases the area involved was small and polygons were merged with the nearest feature with the longest joint boundary. For parts of some estuaries, no nationally consistent data on substrata were available. These areas were mapped simply as unclassified estuary. 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